the automotive industry will benefit from this.

Schaeffler Group became the Patent Office, one of the top ten most innovative
        As of March 16, 2008, the German Patent and Trademark Office published the patent number. high speed bearings (Germany fag bearings) in the German Patent and Trademark Office Group ranked as the most active patent application units whose major brands FAG, LUK and INA. Which brand FAG and INA to 605 patents and 221 patent ranked eighth and twenty-one, which means that in the German Patent Office INA, FAG and LUK brand ranking for the fifth to become the most innovative companies a. Even Schaeffler with other brands IDAM, F "IS, Patton, Office for patent applications last year handed over more than 1,250 patents to. Also equivalent to an average of more than 5 per working day patents. Schaeffler Group's Executive Management Board Member responsible for worldwide roll bearings development techniques, Dr. Peter Piot, Gutzmer that "this innovative strength, is the mainstay of the company, the Schaeffler Group's solid foundation in more than 60 different industrial sector gives us the opportunity hardly any other company can transfer our expertise and introduce a new solution and our customers, the automotive industry will benefit from this. "For example, the Schaeffler focused on efforts to develop new developments aimed at more efficient use of resources. A recent example is the MultiAir valve train is completely changed. Developed by the Schaeffler Group and Fiat Powertrain, this is the first time to our customers at the Geneva Motor Show. At the same time strengthen the power, and the traditional car, the result is reduced by up to per cent of fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.

Install needle bearing notes

 roll bearings clearance is defined as a case of a fixed ring, another ring in the radial or axial flow by the maximum amount, the clearance is divided into radial clearance and axial clearance two kinds . Move needle bearing assembly, the clearance is not too big, not too small. Clearance is too large, it will cause the load to move the body to withstand the reduced number of individual load increases to move the body, thereby reducing the accuracy of rotation of the bearing, reducing the service life; clearance is too small, the friction will increase, the heat generated increases, increased wear, also can reduce bearing life. Therefore, the bearing assembly must strictly control and adjust the clearance.

china bearing supplier temperature causes are: oil quality does not meet the requirements or deterioration, lubricant viscosity is too high; institutions assembly too tight (lack of space); bearing assembly tight; bearing ring on the shaft or housing rotation; overload large; bearing cage or rolling fragmentation.

1), the shaft and housing bore roundness and the vertical shoulder block bearing according to the appropriate precision requirements.

2), it is necessary to accurately calculate the rotating rings fit the amount of interference, but also suitable for accurate calculation of the amount of the fixed ring. Rotating rings blanch the amount of interference to the extent possible should also get smaller. As long as the operating temperature and ensure the effect of thermal expansion, and the maximum speed of the centrifugal force, resulting in a tight fit so as not to creep or sliding surfaces. Fixed ring size according to the work load and bearing size, select small clearance fit or interference fit, too loose or too tight is not conducive to maintaining the original shape exactly.

Rolling residual magnetism technical conditions

Truck crane telescopic cylinder piston rod (pole) grinding waste-prone, according to our experience, the following measures to prevent waste.

1 piece of each point carefully measuring the amount of remaining mill

Should be based on the workpiece bending, deflection, dislocation and other data to determine whether the depth marks grinding.

(1) for grinding of not more than 0.50mm left the site operator can carefully measure the deflection, bending, dislocation, marks and other values. Leaving less than 0.20mm for grinding workpieces must consult the staff agreed before grinding.

(2) If the amount of deflection or bending amount exceeding one third of the parts to wear straightening after grinding.

(3) measuring the diameter of dislocation sites on both sides of both sides of the deflection data and the data available at the mill minimum diameter maximum value minus the yaw yaw position value, the amount of the difference is the actual grinding. Such as: dislocation at the grinding capacity of the smallest diameter 0.40mm, maximum deflection part of the deflection is 0.30mm, the actual grinding capacity equal to 0.40-0.30 = 0.10mm, grinding capacity is small, it is likely appear in the grinding burn conditions, resulting in waste.

(4) marks the site of deep, roll bearings grinding rasp the former is best to use local symmetry points (the most serious side parts) filed a two symmetrical facets, by filing off the site measured. If the measured diameter minus the diameter of marks after less than 0.20mm, should consult before grinding.

(2) properly handle grinding burns

(A) before grinding grinding according to the above requirements can be checked, if the coarse grinding sparks big, there are local burns, while after two reciprocating grinding burn site can not be eliminated, it should be carried out once the workpiece deflection values measurements. If the deflection values ??were lower than the preceding grinding limit, should be straightened. By straightening still not eliminated, must be scrapped.

(2) grinding sparks should pay attention to the changes, once burned, the workpiece Serve waste. Special minor burns, if measured yaw values ??below one-third of the amount of grinding, you can continue grinding; than one-third of which should be scrapped.

Burn causes and the wheel model, the workpiece material is also a relationship. Preventive measures are timely repair wheel, adjust the amount of feed (coarse or fine grinding, if the feed rate is too small will produce minor burns), add enough coolant and adjust the workpiece and wheel speed.

3 Carefully observe the spark

Once the grinding sparks too large to immediately retract. After all coarse grinding sparks phenomenon should not be interrupted, if the deflection off the fire area exceeds the amount of a quarter mill, to be straightened. Each wheel sparks near the ends of the workpiece gradually increased, the top should be checked whether the temperature is too high, if the top temperature is consistent with the workpiece to be tight at the top end. If the spark through bays larger, it indicates that the site of the top bracket is unreasonable, so that it temperature. Grinding sparks should not exist when the elephant stopped, if a serious fire off what should be measured yaw and grinding capacity, when the amount of deflection over a quarter mill grind it up.

4. Strictly control the quality and accuracy of processing

The spot diameter measured values ??are inconsistent, brackets and tailstock respond timely adjustments.

(1) through coarse, semi-fine grinding, the workpiece is not cylindrical tolerance. If ovality tolerance of the parts of a broken fire phenomenon, should be measured yaw value, if this value exceeds 30μm should try again after straightening mill; After several feed grinding, in total more than 50μm feed when Sparks will no longer off the fire, measured ovality should be zero; when measured ellipticity still exceeds tolerance, you should try again after grinding wheel dressing, if the ellipse is still not eliminated, the top hole should be checked for damage, research injuries ( At this point the workpiece surface showing polygonal).

(2) the surface after grinding and finishing the reasons presented Duoleng measures: If wheel has been blunt, should be trimmed; wheel if there is noticeable vibration, balance should be adjusted; head frame, motor frame vibration isolation facilities have been damaged, shall be repaired ; excessive vibration if the workpiece itself, should be properly deceleration; top too tight or too loose, it should be adjusted.

(3) If the coarse surface occurs when a large spiral, the reason is bad dresser, grinding wheel dressing time must be uniform and must not have significant single angle spark phenomenon blunt surface after grinding wheel prone to large spiral.

(4) grinding, the workpiece often appear galling, scratched and dirty coolant phenomenon. To prevent this phenomenon, the new wheel should be finishing with a wire brush a few times (pay attention to safety).

(5) When grinding the workpiece phenomenon taper, drum, saddle-shaped, both ends of a diameter larger or smaller, you should adjust the bracket, tailstock, wheel overrun and the number of workpieces at both ends of the workpiece and the grinding wheel travel time.

5 strictly controlled two top parts of the temperature

According to two top temperature changes are reasonable judgment leading tightness; generally top temperature slightly higher than the temperature of the workpiece as the standard.

(A) two leading causes of high temperatures: First, the top too tight, two center hole is top notch and the workpiece misalignment. If the top is too tight, first loosen the top, add the butter on the two center hole and then adjust the tightness of the top.

(2) If there is a top temperature is too high, then the top center hole with the workpiece misalignment.

(3) When the temperature of the top two consistent temperature of the workpiece, the workpiece two polygonal phenomenon does not occur, and more uniform spark, this time to continue the grinding. As part two phenomena appear Duoleng, you should look at the top tight, if the workpiece does not burn, you can wear them all. When the workpiece two spark uneven, they will bear about the top end.

Bearing basic knowledge and exception handling

Generally inside the bearing inner ring, outer ring, rolling elements and cage composed of four parts. For sealed bearings, further comprising a lubricant and a seal of two parts. Bearing at work, able to withstand the radial load or axial load, at a certain rotational speed, it will produce radial runout or axial runout. According to the working conditions of the bearing used to choose different types of bearings, bearing in order to better play the function, and can extend bearing life.
Life of roll bearings performance, because different purposes, in the required period to maintain their performance. Even though the correct bearing for a particular purpose will, after some time, noise, vibration increases, resulting in decline in accuracy due to wear, grease aging, fatigue, peeling rolling surface can no longer be used. Until these bearings can not be used in a broad sense during the bearing life. Each of them is known as: noise life, wear life, the grease life, the rolling fatigue life and so on.
Why bearing damage? Only a part of the bearing damage in practical applications. Most bearing applications over the life of the machine or the device itself. Bearing damage for many reasons - more than the anticipated load, non-tight seal with or caused by too small bearing clearance and so on. Any one factor has its special form of damage, and will leave special signs of damage. Therefore, to view damage to the bearings, in most cases you can find its possible factors, and based on these findings, the measures taken to prevent recurrence.
Generally speaking, a third of the bearing damage causes damage based on fatigue, another third reason is poor lubrication, the other one-third of contaminants into the bearing or improper installation process. Bearing damage is also associated with different forms of industrial relevance. For example, the electronics industry on the indoor temperature is higher, which requires fans must twenty-four hours operation, the fan bearings are mostly due to material fatigue caused damage; while the pulp and paper industry is mostly due to poor lubrication or bearing damage caused by pollution. Why bearing will fail prematurely? .
    Improper assembly
All kinds of bearing failure in advance, 16% were due to improper assembly and not caused by the use of assembly tools. Some devices require the use of mechanical, hydraulic or heating method for proper and efficient installation and removal. Using special tools and techniques for professional assembly, is to achieve the maximum extension of the machine running time another solution.
Improper lubrication
Although you can install a variety of "maintenance free" sealed bearings, bearings fail prematurely but there are still 36% is due to the incorrect application of grease technology and improper use. Any improper lubrication of the bearings will inevitably fail in advance of normal life. Since the bearing is usually the most difficult mechanical handling equipment part lubrication problem occurs infrequently.
Pollution
Bearings are precision parts, if the bearings and grease contamination will not operate effectively. In addition, as has been marked with grease maintenance-free sealed bearings all use only a small portion of the bearing, so all the early failure of the bearing at least 14% is due to problems caused by pollution.
Fatigue.
If the machine becomes overloaded, use or improper maintenance, the bearings will be affected, leading to premature failure of the bearing, 34% were due to fatigue caused by. Since the bearing in the maintenance of inappropriate or excessive stress would be given "early warning", so the equipment operator or maintenance personnel to observe the operation of the bearing performance anomalies. Why bearings require lubrication? In theory, a good lubrication in the ideal working conditions, the bearing life will always be met, of course, is simply not possible, but if the correct lubrication of bearings, bearing the longest working life. Bearing lubrication to reduce friction and wear within the bearing to prevent the sticking, its lubricating effect is as follows:
1, reducing friction and wear. Constituting the bearing rings, rolling elements and the mutual contact portion of the holder form a film, even in the case of heavy load, but also to prevent the metal contacts, reducing friction and wear.
2, the fatigue life.
Fatigue life of the rolling bearing, the rolling contact surface of the rotary good lubrication, is extended; otherwise, oil viscosity lubricant film thickness of the well bottom, is shortened.
3, the discharge frictional heat and cooling.
Circulating oil to the oil discharge method and the like can be generated by friction heat, the heat coming from the external cooling. Prevent bearing overheating, prevent oil itself aging. .
4, other.
Prevent dust and debris inside the bearing, or to prevent rust, corrosion effect.

Special bearing material selection considerations

Bearing alloys: mainly tin, lead, antimony, or other metals, also known as white metal roll bearings alloy. Because of its good wear resistant, high plasticity, ran together good performance, good thermal conductivity and resistance to rubber and oil resistance and good absorption and therefore suitable for heavy, high-speed case, the bearing strength of the alloy, low price expensive, use must be cast in bronze, steel or cast iron bearing, to form a thin coating.

   1, plastic bearings: plastic bearings have greater compressive strength and wear resistance, commonly used bearings Plastic Bakelite, nylon, PTFE and so on. Lubricating oil and water are available, but also a self-lubricating properties, but poor thermal conductivity.


2, the porous metal material: a porous tissue, the porous metal material is a powder. If it is immersed in lubricant, allowing the pores filled with oil, into oil bearing, self-lubricating properties. Porous metal material toughness is small, only suitable for stationary and non-impact load, the low-speed situations.


To improve the sliding performance and life of the bearing, bearing information should choose these factors into account. Bearings and bearing liner information collectively referred to as bearing materials, bearing wear and journal information, bearing their own materials, lubricants and lubrication directly related.

Bearing fits and tolerances with tolerance class

1 tolerance level of choice
      And bearing with the shaft or bearing bore tolerance level and precision of the bearing. And P0-level precision bearing with the shaft, the tolerance level is generally IT6, bearing hole is generally IT7. The rotating accuracy and smooth running applications with higher requirements (such as electric motors, etc.) should be selected axis IT5, bearing hole is IT6.

2 the tolerance zone selection
      Equivalent radial load P is divided into "light", "normal" and "heavy" load, such as several cases, with the bearing dynamic load rating C of the relationship:
Light load normal load P ≤ 0.06C 0.06C <P ≤ 0.12C heavy loads 0.12C <P
1) shaft tolerance
       Install radial bearings and angular contact bearings with reference to the corresponding shaft tolerance tolerance zone tables. For most applications, the shaft rotation and radial load direction unchanged, ie the bearing inner ring rotates relative to the loading direction of the occasion, the general should choose transition or interference fit. Stationary shaft and radial load direction unchanged, ie the bearing inner ring is stationary relative to the loading direction of the occasion, you can choose the transition or a small gap with (too much clearance is not allowed).

2) shell hole tolerance zone
      Install radial bearings and angular contact bearings with reference to the corresponding shell hole tolerance zone tolerance table. Select the attention to the load direction oscillating or rotating outer ring, you should avoid clearance fit. Equivalent radial load also affects the size of the outer ring with the selection.

3) the choice of bearing structure
      Roll bearings seat unless there are special needs, and more generally with the overall structure, split bearing only in the assembly have difficulty, or the advantages of easy assembly on a main consideration when used, but it can not be applied to a tight fit or a more precise fit, for example, than the K7 K7 and tighter fit, and if the tolerance class IT6 or more sophisticated bore are not using split bearing.