FAG engineers are good at innovation beyond the traditional practice . This means that challenged the traditional theory , following extraordinary way and dare to look at things with a different kind of perspective . All of these are emerging understanding of the concept of the premise. Recently , FAG bearings distributor in China from Germany FAG Group understands , FAG latest train control system developed for FAG Generator Sensor Bearing .
FAG high speed bearings based train control system box and generator sensor bearing (GSB) ( as an independent power source ) combined well , for example, truck , FAG 's electronics engineers , are integrated into the software to learn GSB , so formation of a vehicle unit . Coupled with the information processing system , route operators and railway companies can achieve enhanced security and ease of maneuverability truck . GSB in the number of different signals are recorded and transmitted to the central processor . Complete data ( deep groove ball bearing on train system ) contains train schedules , route , schedule and risk analysis , location, residence time , and the associated temporary variable part .
And general comparison , FAG GSB in axle by rotational movement of electrical induction magnet . This force is the typical power , 100w 24v .. so just have a separate , self-contained power source, the power storage unit , an increase of more features, such as automatic door, detection switches and sensors. To train control system , FAG Group with a sophisticated electronic system into a so-called commercial -vehicle unit and connecting with senior management information systems. Such signal processing , not only records the FAG bearings , but is also transmitted GPS satellite technology.
2013年9月17日星期二
2013年8月24日星期六
Bearing grinding process and requirements
Bearing in precision grinding, the rough demanding working surface of the grinding traces are often observed with the naked eye the surface of the grinding marks are the following:
Bearing surfaces are crossed spiral traces traces happen mainly due to poor wheel of the bus straight, there is uneven phenomenon, grinding, grinding wheel and the workpiece is only partial contact bearing, when the workpiece or wheel back and forth several times after exercise , the performance will be reproduced in the workpiece and the cross-helix can be observed visually. The pitch of the helix and the workpiece table speed, the size of workpiece speed, but also with the wheel axis is not parallel to the guide lines and the table.
(A) The main reason for the formation of helix
1 Dresser bad, not chamfered corners, unused coolant to be trimmed;
2 table guide rail lubricant too much, resulting workbench floating;
3 machine precision is not good;
4 grinding pressure is too big.
(B) forming the bearing surfaces having the spiral cause
1.V shaped rail rigidity bad, when an offset grinding wheel, but wheel edge in contact with the work surface;
2 noisy wheel dressing table commutation speed is unstable, accuracy is not high, so that the edge of a grinding wheel dressing slightly less;
3. Workpiece itself rigidity;
4 wheel has broken too flaking grit and the workpiece grinding wheel under the iron plot attached to the surface, this should be a good dressing wheel with cooling water wash or scrub clean;
5 wheel dressing well, there are local projections and so on.
Surface appears scaly scaly surface reproduces the main reason is due to traces of grinding wheel cutting edge is not sharp enough, in the grinding occurs when "eating to live" phenomenon, when large vibration.
Resulting in surface appears scaly traces of the specific reasons are:
A grinding wheel surface litter and oil thing;
2 Wheel untrimmed round;
3 wheel blunt. Dressing sharp enough;
4 fastening frame is not solid diamond, diamond or diamond quality is bad not shake sharp;
5 Wheel hardness uneven.
Face nap nap surface reproduces the main reason is due to traces of coarse grains shed, grain sandwiched between the workpiece and the grinding wheel and cause.
Workpiece surface grinding was napping in the specific reasons are:
1 coarse grinding traces left behind, grinding when not worn;
2 coolant coarse grains and tiny grains filter is not clean;
3 coarse abrasive wheel just trimmed off easily when;
4 toughness validity or grinding wheel is too soft;
5 abrasive workpiece material toughness with toughness and improper.
Have a direct bearing surface waveform traces we milled workpiece cut a cross-section perpendicular axis line and zoom, you can see the surrounding approximately sinusoidal. So that the center line along the axis of rotation without translation, the track is the sine waveform around the cylinder, which is also known as a polygon. Generating direct wave because the wheel moves relative to the workpiece or the grinding wheel on the workpiece by cyclically changing pressure and vibration caused by the exigencies. This vibration may be forced vibration, it may be self-excited vibration, thus directly on the workpiece often more than one wave frequency.
Direct waveform traces generated specific reasons are:
A grinding wheel spindle gap is too large;
2 Wheel hardness is too high;
3 wheel static balance wheel well or dull;
4. Workpiece speed is too high;
5 infeed is too big;
6 wheel spindle bearing wear, the gap is too large, resulting runout;
7 wheel or bench pressing means "crawl" and so on.
Surface of the workpiece surface reproduction burns often during grinding burns, burns there are several types, one burns machining direction along the wheel, dark black patches; Second, was the line or intermittent line shape.
Workpiece surface grinding process of being burned, summed up in the following reasons:
1 wheel too hard or too fine granularity tissue too dense;
(2) Feed excessive cutting fluid supply, cooling conditions are poor;
3. Workpiece speed is too low, wheel speed too fast;
4 wheel runout is too large, constantly changing due to grinding depth and burn;
5 dresser dressing is not timely or bad;
6 diamond sharp dresser bad;
7. Workpiece coarse grinding burns too deep, grinding allowance is too small, no worn;
8 Workpiece clamping force or suction deficiencies in the grinding force, the workpiece stops phenomenon exists.
Then the workpiece surface in the grinding process of how to know if it works burned? This is accomplished by periodic acid to check it out.
Workpiece after pickling, the surface is wet, should immediately astigmatism lamp visual inspection, the normal surface was uniformly dark gray. If so software point, showing dark clouds like black spots, and the entire perimeter uncertain; if decarbonization, is rendered dark gray or black piebald; if grinding cracks, the crack was cracked like, yes burns, one surface along Wheel machining direction showing dark black plaques, two lines are present or intermittent lines like. If the grinding process in the burn-in phenomenon, must promptly analyze the causes and take effective measures to solve them, to eliminate bulk burns.
Mainly the surface roughness of the surface roughness of the bearing parts are standard and process requirements, but in the processing and ultra-fine grinding process, for various reasons, often less than the specified requirements.
Mainly the surface roughness caused mainly due to:
1 grinding speed is too low, too fast feed rate, feed excessive, no feed grinding time is too short;
2. Workpiece speed is too high or the workpiece axis and the wheel axis vibration is too large;
3 wheel size is too coarse or too soft;
4 wheel dresser too fast or trimming mechanism gap is too large;
5 diamond wheel dressing is not sharp or of poor quality;
6 ultra-fine oil stone quality is not good, the installation location is not correct;
7 ultra-precision quality is mainly kerosene;
8 ultra-precise time is too short.
deep groove ball bearing in the grinding process, the work surface is achieved by high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel, grinding so if you do not follow the operating instructions for operation and adjust the device, it will work in the bearing surface of various defects, which affects The overall quality of the bearing.
Bearing surfaces are crossed spiral traces traces happen mainly due to poor wheel of the bus straight, there is uneven phenomenon, grinding, grinding wheel and the workpiece is only partial contact bearing, when the workpiece or wheel back and forth several times after exercise , the performance will be reproduced in the workpiece and the cross-helix can be observed visually. The pitch of the helix and the workpiece table speed, the size of workpiece speed, but also with the wheel axis is not parallel to the guide lines and the table.
(A) The main reason for the formation of helix
1 Dresser bad, not chamfered corners, unused coolant to be trimmed;
2 table guide rail lubricant too much, resulting workbench floating;
3 machine precision is not good;
4 grinding pressure is too big.
(B) forming the bearing surfaces having the spiral cause
1.V shaped rail rigidity bad, when an offset grinding wheel, but wheel edge in contact with the work surface;
2 noisy wheel dressing table commutation speed is unstable, accuracy is not high, so that the edge of a grinding wheel dressing slightly less;
3. Workpiece itself rigidity;
4 wheel has broken too flaking grit and the workpiece grinding wheel under the iron plot attached to the surface, this should be a good dressing wheel with cooling water wash or scrub clean;
5 wheel dressing well, there are local projections and so on.
Surface appears scaly scaly surface reproduces the main reason is due to traces of grinding wheel cutting edge is not sharp enough, in the grinding occurs when "eating to live" phenomenon, when large vibration.
Resulting in surface appears scaly traces of the specific reasons are:
A grinding wheel surface litter and oil thing;
2 Wheel untrimmed round;
3 wheel blunt. Dressing sharp enough;
4 fastening frame is not solid diamond, diamond or diamond quality is bad not shake sharp;
5 Wheel hardness uneven.
Face nap nap surface reproduces the main reason is due to traces of coarse grains shed, grain sandwiched between the workpiece and the grinding wheel and cause.
Workpiece surface grinding was napping in the specific reasons are:
1 coarse grinding traces left behind, grinding when not worn;
2 coolant coarse grains and tiny grains filter is not clean;
3 coarse abrasive wheel just trimmed off easily when;
4 toughness validity or grinding wheel is too soft;
5 abrasive workpiece material toughness with toughness and improper.
Have a direct bearing surface waveform traces we milled workpiece cut a cross-section perpendicular axis line and zoom, you can see the surrounding approximately sinusoidal. So that the center line along the axis of rotation without translation, the track is the sine waveform around the cylinder, which is also known as a polygon. Generating direct wave because the wheel moves relative to the workpiece or the grinding wheel on the workpiece by cyclically changing pressure and vibration caused by the exigencies. This vibration may be forced vibration, it may be self-excited vibration, thus directly on the workpiece often more than one wave frequency.
Direct waveform traces generated specific reasons are:
A grinding wheel spindle gap is too large;
2 Wheel hardness is too high;
3 wheel static balance wheel well or dull;
4. Workpiece speed is too high;
5 infeed is too big;
6 wheel spindle bearing wear, the gap is too large, resulting runout;
7 wheel or bench pressing means "crawl" and so on.
Surface of the workpiece surface reproduction burns often during grinding burns, burns there are several types, one burns machining direction along the wheel, dark black patches; Second, was the line or intermittent line shape.
Workpiece surface grinding process of being burned, summed up in the following reasons:
1 wheel too hard or too fine granularity tissue too dense;
(2) Feed excessive cutting fluid supply, cooling conditions are poor;
3. Workpiece speed is too low, wheel speed too fast;
4 wheel runout is too large, constantly changing due to grinding depth and burn;
5 dresser dressing is not timely or bad;
6 diamond sharp dresser bad;
7. Workpiece coarse grinding burns too deep, grinding allowance is too small, no worn;
8 Workpiece clamping force or suction deficiencies in the grinding force, the workpiece stops phenomenon exists.
Then the workpiece surface in the grinding process of how to know if it works burned? This is accomplished by periodic acid to check it out.
Workpiece after pickling, the surface is wet, should immediately astigmatism lamp visual inspection, the normal surface was uniformly dark gray. If so software point, showing dark clouds like black spots, and the entire perimeter uncertain; if decarbonization, is rendered dark gray or black piebald; if grinding cracks, the crack was cracked like, yes burns, one surface along Wheel machining direction showing dark black plaques, two lines are present or intermittent lines like. If the grinding process in the burn-in phenomenon, must promptly analyze the causes and take effective measures to solve them, to eliminate bulk burns.
Mainly the surface roughness of the surface roughness of the bearing parts are standard and process requirements, but in the processing and ultra-fine grinding process, for various reasons, often less than the specified requirements.
Mainly the surface roughness caused mainly due to:
1 grinding speed is too low, too fast feed rate, feed excessive, no feed grinding time is too short;
2. Workpiece speed is too high or the workpiece axis and the wheel axis vibration is too large;
3 wheel size is too coarse or too soft;
4 wheel dresser too fast or trimming mechanism gap is too large;
5 diamond wheel dressing is not sharp or of poor quality;
6 ultra-fine oil stone quality is not good, the installation location is not correct;
7 ultra-precision quality is mainly kerosene;
8 ultra-precise time is too short.
deep groove ball bearing in the grinding process, the work surface is achieved by high-speed rotation of the grinding wheel, grinding so if you do not follow the operating instructions for operation and adjust the device, it will work in the bearing surface of various defects, which affects The overall quality of the bearing.
2013年8月17日星期六
Deep groove ball bearing seals applications
Deep groove ball bearing is the bearing seal member in the normal operation in the harsh environment of the key components, bearing seals protect bearings from erosion and pollution of the bearing lubrication in a good clean conditions, extending bearing life.
Generally, deep groove ball bearing seals greater role than the dust cover, and by rotating flexible and low speed rotation restrictions. Bearing seals in the design, we must consider the performance of lubricants and conveyor systems and ideal working conditions.
For bearing applications in use to withstand high loads, a strong impact force and prevent water and dust particles such as rust invasion, and developed a new type of high load capacity, sealed, clean and lubricated bearing seals.
Experience has shown that in a polluted working conditions, easy to enter the bearing clastic particles, and these particles can damage the raceway debris, causing stress concentration. Also, if uneven lubrication, hard contact of the metal surface, resulting in a slight "peeling" corrupted, the contact area can lead to stress concentration, so that these two results of the stress concentration of the metal surface crack spread and ultimately shorten bearing life.
Studies show that, by changing the organization of bearing steel, impurity contamination can be improved bearing lubrication conditions or under conditions edge working life, to improve the bearing stress concentration at the edge of the release ability.
The best practical protection measures are bearing: When the impurity one appears, then stop it. New deep groove ball bearing seals of both these two advantages. The new hole type bearing seals only solve suppress a negative pressure in the bearing to prevent the water, the main sealing member is not directly exposed to water, the water from "breathing", but also play an impurity blocking the recess slot at the function. Conventional bearing seals the rotating and the stationary state is a linear contact, to maintain the strength of the tight sealing performance of the sealing member and this work, the contact instead of linear contact with the surface to accommodate the bearing rotating sealing requirements, both tight seal, not produce a large negative pressure.
To confirm the new hole type bearing seals the effectiveness of the test, the bearing operating speed range to 100r/min 700r/min, and 294kN radial load is continuously applied while the water spray of about 100L/min. General hole bearing seals in this period, the negative pressure increases, while the new-hole bearing seals inhibited the negative, to ensure the normal operation of the work
Generally, deep groove ball bearing seals greater role than the dust cover, and by rotating flexible and low speed rotation restrictions. Bearing seals in the design, we must consider the performance of lubricants and conveyor systems and ideal working conditions.
For bearing applications in use to withstand high loads, a strong impact force and prevent water and dust particles such as rust invasion, and developed a new type of high load capacity, sealed, clean and lubricated bearing seals.
Experience has shown that in a polluted working conditions, easy to enter the bearing clastic particles, and these particles can damage the raceway debris, causing stress concentration. Also, if uneven lubrication, hard contact of the metal surface, resulting in a slight "peeling" corrupted, the contact area can lead to stress concentration, so that these two results of the stress concentration of the metal surface crack spread and ultimately shorten bearing life.
Studies show that, by changing the organization of bearing steel, impurity contamination can be improved bearing lubrication conditions or under conditions edge working life, to improve the bearing stress concentration at the edge of the release ability.
The best practical protection measures are bearing: When the impurity one appears, then stop it. New deep groove ball bearing seals of both these two advantages. The new hole type bearing seals only solve suppress a negative pressure in the bearing to prevent the water, the main sealing member is not directly exposed to water, the water from "breathing", but also play an impurity blocking the recess slot at the function. Conventional bearing seals the rotating and the stationary state is a linear contact, to maintain the strength of the tight sealing performance of the sealing member and this work, the contact instead of linear contact with the surface to accommodate the bearing rotating sealing requirements, both tight seal, not produce a large negative pressure.
To confirm the new hole type bearing seals the effectiveness of the test, the bearing operating speed range to 100r/min 700r/min, and 294kN radial load is continuously applied while the water spray of about 100L/min. General hole bearing seals in this period, the negative pressure increases, while the new-hole bearing seals inhibited the negative, to ensure the normal operation of the work
Deep groove ball bearings constitute a major component characteristics
Deep groove ball bearing due purposes and working conditions are different, there are many changes in its structure, but the basic structure is from the inner ring, outer ring, rolling elements (balls) and cage four parts.
An inner ring (also known as the inner sleeve or inner ring). Normally fixed in the journal, the inner ring rotates with the shaft. The outer surface of the inner ring with balls or rollers for rolling grooves, called an inner groove or inner raceway.
Second, the outer ring (also known as a jacket or outer ring). Normally fixed to the bearing housing or the housing of the machine, from the effect of the rolling element bearing balls. Surface of the outer ring also has a ball or roller for rolling groove, called internal or inner raceway groove.
Third, the rolling elements (balls). Each groove ball bearings are equipped with one or more groups of rolling elements, mounted between the inner and outer rings, the transfer from the rolling force. The rolling body is the load bearing part, the shape, size and number determines the load capacity of the bearings are subjected to high speed performance.
Four, the cage (also known as cage or isolator). The bearing of the rolling bodies evenly spaced, so that each rolling element between the inner ring and the outer ring rolling normally. In addition, the cage has guided rolling motion, improve internal bearing lubrication conditions and to prevent rolling off and so on.
In the thrust ball bearing, and the shaft with ferrule called shaft washer, and housing or machine casing with ferrule box office, shaft ring and seat ring gasket collectively. In addition to the four parts, the various configurations of the bearing and other parts of its mating. For example, rivets, dust cover, seals, washers, retaining rings and tight sets and so on.
An inner ring (also known as the inner sleeve or inner ring). Normally fixed in the journal, the inner ring rotates with the shaft. The outer surface of the inner ring with balls or rollers for rolling grooves, called an inner groove or inner raceway.
Second, the outer ring (also known as a jacket or outer ring). Normally fixed to the bearing housing or the housing of the machine, from the effect of the rolling element bearing balls. Surface of the outer ring also has a ball or roller for rolling groove, called internal or inner raceway groove.
Third, the rolling elements (balls). Each groove ball bearings are equipped with one or more groups of rolling elements, mounted between the inner and outer rings, the transfer from the rolling force. The rolling body is the load bearing part, the shape, size and number determines the load capacity of the bearings are subjected to high speed performance.
Four, the cage (also known as cage or isolator). The bearing of the rolling bodies evenly spaced, so that each rolling element between the inner ring and the outer ring rolling normally. In addition, the cage has guided rolling motion, improve internal bearing lubrication conditions and to prevent rolling off and so on.
In the thrust ball bearing, and the shaft with ferrule called shaft washer, and housing or machine casing with ferrule box office, shaft ring and seat ring gasket collectively. In addition to the four parts, the various configurations of the bearing and other parts of its mating. For example, rivets, dust cover, seals, washers, retaining rings and tight sets and so on.
2013年8月9日星期五
Seal type deep groove ball bearings
Many deep groove ball bearing sealing problems mainly ineffective drain grease and dust, etc., in a nutshell is poor sealing performance; non-contact seals no big problem, the main problem is multi-contact seals. What are the causes it?
Main bearing seal structure is relatively backward. Seal structure lies in the rotary member of the seal groove and the sealing cap sealing lips. Sealed general there are three forms, one does not actually slot; second is a small inner diameter, there is a step; third is a complete seal groove.
Sealing lip with a single and double lip of the points, to improve the sealing effect, we believe that the sealing lips should be developed and groove seal structure, because this form of contact seals and labyrinth seals combined sealing effect is better, but the process is complicated, higher cost.
In the modern enterprise in the pursuit of cost-premise, as far as possible the pursuit of double lip seal and groove seal structure deep groove ball bearings, but conditions were not under seal structure can only produce a general, after all, is now a large domestic use part of the sealing structure in general, and the sealing structure by many users.
Main bearing seal structure is relatively backward. Seal structure lies in the rotary member of the seal groove and the sealing cap sealing lips. Sealed general there are three forms, one does not actually slot; second is a small inner diameter, there is a step; third is a complete seal groove.
Sealing lip with a single and double lip of the points, to improve the sealing effect, we believe that the sealing lips should be developed and groove seal structure, because this form of contact seals and labyrinth seals combined sealing effect is better, but the process is complicated, higher cost.
In the modern enterprise in the pursuit of cost-premise, as far as possible the pursuit of double lip seal and groove seal structure deep groove ball bearings, but conditions were not under seal structure can only produce a general, after all, is now a large domestic use part of the sealing structure in general, and the sealing structure by many users.
Deep groove ball bearing vibration noise root causes
Deep groove ball bearing vibration and noise on the formation mechanism of domestic and international aspects of the control of vibration and noise, there are two different approaches. Bearing vibration mainly from two sources:
One bearing bearing caused by external incentives inherent vibration, referring to the bearing inner ring, outer ring, rolling elements and cage the natural vibration.
Two deep groove ball bearing due to contact between moving parts forced vibration caused by collision, such as ball rolling is not an ideal sphere, inside and outside the channel contact point trajectory is not a perfect circle (roundness, waviness), the raceway not the ideal smooth surface (roughness) and the rolling elements and cage in motion collision and lubricants in the forced vibration caused by impurities, vibration and sound are closely related, but slightly different sense, That is the sound originated in vibration, acoustic vibrations in the air is transmitted to humans by the feeling of hearing, so the ultra-high frequency vibrations are inaudible. However, if the receiver and the sound vibration characteristics of the receiver is the same, two received signals received relevant to the whole, according to this view, controlling vibration or noise control can play the same effect. And because the vibration control is simple, so home and abroad priority control vibration to ensure product quality. Therefore, for the general bearing, it is recommended to concentrate its limited human and financial resources to do a good job of bearing vibration control. Quality standards should not separate the noise, of course, according to foreign experience for a special bearing products, such as computer hard drives, CD recorder drive system bearings, vibration assessment is not easy to use, can develop criteria to assess noise measurement method .
One bearing bearing caused by external incentives inherent vibration, referring to the bearing inner ring, outer ring, rolling elements and cage the natural vibration.
Two deep groove ball bearing due to contact between moving parts forced vibration caused by collision, such as ball rolling is not an ideal sphere, inside and outside the channel contact point trajectory is not a perfect circle (roundness, waviness), the raceway not the ideal smooth surface (roughness) and the rolling elements and cage in motion collision and lubricants in the forced vibration caused by impurities, vibration and sound are closely related, but slightly different sense, That is the sound originated in vibration, acoustic vibrations in the air is transmitted to humans by the feeling of hearing, so the ultra-high frequency vibrations are inaudible. However, if the receiver and the sound vibration characteristics of the receiver is the same, two received signals received relevant to the whole, according to this view, controlling vibration or noise control can play the same effect. And because the vibration control is simple, so home and abroad priority control vibration to ensure product quality. Therefore, for the general bearing, it is recommended to concentrate its limited human and financial resources to do a good job of bearing vibration control. Quality standards should not separate the noise, of course, according to foreign experience for a special bearing products, such as computer hard drives, CD recorder drive system bearings, vibration assessment is not easy to use, can develop criteria to assess noise measurement method .
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